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Gold in Wars and Crises: How the Metal Survived Empires, Wars, and State Bankruptcies

Gold in Wars and Crises: How the Metal Survived Empires

The Currency of Survival

In peaceful times, gold is often overlooked. Everyone talks about stocks, real estate, and cryptocurrencies. But when war, crisis, or inflation appears, the same pattern repeats again and again: paper money disappears, while gold remains.

Paper can be printed by governments. A bank account can be frozen overnight. Stock markets can be closed.

But a gold coin can be carried in your pocket across a border and used to buy food, shelter, or even freedom.

It is no coincidence that an old saying states:

“He who has gold makes the rules.”

Antiquity: Gold as a Weapon of Conquest

When Alexander the Great conquered the Persian capital Persepolis in 330 BC, chroniclers recorded that he discovered the largest treasure of the ancient world: thousands of tons of gold and silver that the Persian dynasty had accumulated over centuries.

With that gold, Alexander financed his campaign all the way to India. Soldiers’ wages, the construction of roads, and the founding of new cities were all funded with gold. Without this wealth, Alexander would never have become “the Great.”

A similar story occurred in Rome. A Roman legionary received a monthly payment in a gold aureus coin (about 8 grams of gold). When emperors began minting coins with less precious metal and diluting them with copper, their value fell, inflation exploded, and trust in the empire collapsed. Yet the aureus largely preserved its purchasing power.

Byzantium and the Middle Ages: Gold as the “Euro” of Its Time

The Byzantine solidus, a coin made from 4.5 g of gold, circulated for an astonishing 700 years. Merchants from China to England accepted it without hesitation.

If you had traveled from Constantinople to Venice in the 10th century, a single solidus could have paid for clothing, a horse, and a fine dinner.

Just as today, one ounce of gold could pay for a luxury suit and a hotel night.

During the Crusades, knights were paid in gold.

Those who set out without gold often quickly became beggars—or never traveled very far.

The Napoleonic Wars: The Rothschilds and British Gold

Napoleon attempted to dominate Europe but underestimated Britain’s financial power.

Great Britain financed its wars through borrowing backed by the Rothschild banking family, always secured with gold.

While French soldiers fought on the Iberian Peninsula, the British commander Wellington paid his troops in gold coins.

While French finances were weakened by debt, British gold maintained trust and motivation among soldiers.

The American Civil War: Paper vs. Gold

Between 1861 and 1865, the United States was divided by civil war. Both sides began printing their own banknotes.

On the New York Gold Exchange, one ounce of gold was officially worth $20.67.

The American Civil War: Paper vs. Gold

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In paper dollars, however, the price rose to as much as $300 per ounce — clear proof of the collapse in paper currency value.

Merchants trusted only gold.

In practice, this meant:

World War I: Gold in a Soldier’s Backpack

When World War I began in 1914, all major countries suspended the gold standard so they could print money for the war effort.

Inflation affected Germany, Britain, and France alike.

However, military commanders understood that paper money alone was not enough.

British soldiers often carried gold “Sovereign” coins in their backpacks.

These coins meant more than a soldier’s salary — they meant survival.

If captured, a soldier could use gold coins to:

Gold became the currency of survival, even on the front lines.

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World War II: Gold Saves Lives

During World War II, the role of gold became even more obvious.

But the most powerful stories come from ordinary people.

Jewish families fleeing persecution carried a few gold coins or pieces of jewelry hidden in their clothing.

These small pieces of gold allowed them to:

A testimony recorded in the book “Holocaust Testimonies” states:

“When we fled, we only had a few gold coins. Those coins bought bread and milk for our children. Without them, we would not have survived.”

World War II: Gold Saves Lives

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The Cold War: Gold as a Strategic Reserve

After World War II, the Bretton Woods system was established, linking the US dollar to gold (35 USD per ounce).

The United States held the largest gold reserves in the world and became a financial superpower.

But in the 1960s, the US began printing too many dollars to finance:

Other countries began demanding gold in exchange for their dollars.

In 1971, President Nixon closed the “gold window” and ended the gold standard.

From that point on, the dollar became a fiat currency without gold backing, while the value of gold began rising.

Meanwhile in Vietnam, gold coins became an escape currency. People used them to pay smugglers, pilots, and transporters who helped them flee Saigon.

Yugoslavia, Argentina, Ukraine: Modern Lessons

During the breakup of Yugoslavia, inflation spiraled out of control.

Newspapers reported that people carried bags full of banknotes just to buy a single loaf of bread. By the afternoon, that same loaf cost twice as much.

In Ljubljana and Belgrade, shopkeepers often said:

“Bring German marks or gold — we no longer accept dinars.”

Marija, now a retired woman from Maribor, remembers:

“My husband had a few gold rings in a drawer that he inherited from his mother. When there was no milk or bread left, I went to the market. For one ring, I received enough food for an entire month. Without gold, we would have gone hungry.”

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In December 2001, the Argentine government suddenly closed banks and froze all accounts.

Newspapers called the event “corralito” — a financial prison.

People stood in front of ATMs that would not even dispense $100.

For many families, gold became the only way out.

For many families, gold became the only way out.

The same pattern returned in 2019. Banks limited withdrawals, inflation surged, and people again rushed into dollars and gold.

The newspaper La Nación reported:

“Black market gold trading has exploded. People are buying and selling gold because it is the only safe currency.”

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When war broke out in February 2022, millions of Ukrainians fled across borders.

Olena from Kharkiv shared her story with the Kyiv Independent:

“We had a few gold coins and some jewelry. When we arrived in Poland, we sold them and used the money to pay for an apartment and food. Without gold, we would have slept on the street.”

For many refugees, gold literally became a passport to survival.

The Psychological and Practical Perspective

Why does gold work during crises?

For a family fleeing war, a gold coin can be worth more than thousands of euros in a bank account.

Gold — The Currency of Wars and Crises

Every crisis confirms the same truth:

Paper fails. Gold remains.

👉 When war or crisis arrives, those who hold gold are better prepared to survive.

As the old saying goes:

“He who has gold makes the rules.”

May Fortuna be with you — and may your gold be your passport through future crises.

FAQ

Because paper money and banks often lose value during wartime. Governments print money to finance military costs, which causes inflation. Banks may close, and people lose access to their savings. Gold remains accepted everywhere — for food, security, and survival.

When the dinar lost its value, people carried bags of cash to buy a single loaf of bread. Those who owned gold exchanged it on the black market for food and essential goods. One well-known story from Maribor describes a family buying a month’s worth of food with a single gold ring.

Gold was the only universal currency they could use to pay smugglers, obtain forged documents, or cross borders. Many testimonies describe how a few gold coins meant the difference between life and death.

During the 2001 crisis, banks froze accounts. People could not access their savings even if they had large balances. Those who owned gold sold it to buy food and fuel. The same pattern repeated in 2019 during another financial crisis.

Because it can be carried in a pocket and used anywhere in the world. In 2022, Ukrainian refugees carried gold coins and jewelry that allowed them to pay rent and buy food abroad. Bank cards did not work, banks were closed — but gold was always accepted.

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